John Maynard Keynes and international relations: economic paths to war and peace

Introduction

Keynes as a classical liberal

'Brought up' a free trader : 'the spirit of Burke and Adam Smith'

The empire

Population pressure, and the spirit of Malthus

First World War

Conscientious objection

War finance during the First World War

Reparations, 1916-18

Conclusion

The Paris Peace Conference and the need for international action

Feeding Germany and Austria

War debts, and European rehabilitation

Reparations

Conclusion

Appeals unanswered : from Amsterdam to Lausanne

A world unrestored : Amsterdam and the memorial

The economic consequences of the peace

Criticisms of The economic consequences

The impact of The economic consequences in the USA

From The economic consequences to A revision of the treaty

Reparations and reconstruction, 1922-33

Conclusion

Towards the middle way in theory : the interwar evolution of Keynes's thought

International monetary relations and investment abroad

International trade

Population pressure and 'the rehabilitation of Malthus'

Economic threats to domestic order

Between laissez-faire and Marxism

Capitalism and war : The general theory and mature liberal institutionalism

Keynes as an interwar idealist

Conclusion

Anglo-American cooperation for internationalism : Keynes's Second World War vision of a post-war world

Background

Internal war finance : American reactions to Keynes's ideas

External finance : lend-lease, 'consideration, and the US loan

International monetary relations : the Clearing Union, Bretton Woods, Savannah

Post-war commercial policy

The post-war treatment of Germany

Keynes's vision: 'the spirit of Burke and Adam Smith' revisited

Conclusion and epilogue

Conclusion.