Spending without taxation: FILP and the politics of public finance in Japan

Understanding the FILP system

The common origins of budget restraint and FILP, 1945-1953

Balancing fiscal policy, industrialization and distributive politics, 1953-1970

The electoral logic of FILP allocations, 1960-1993

Pushing the limits of the FILP compromise, 1970-1990

The politics of FILP reform, 1990-2001

The Koizumi reforms and the legacy of FILP, 2001 and after.