The self-conscious pragmatic artist
Individualism and self-awareness
Hallmarks of the northern Renaissance
Style, technique, and scale in panel painting
Space, perspective, and architecture
The vocabulary of bourgeois realism
Sixteenth-century developments
Physical production and original location
Commissions and contracts
The production of a panel painting
Religious behaviour and ideals
Controversy and corruption
Stereotypes and originals
The sixteenth-century Reformation
The transformation of religious imagery
Artistic specialties and social developments
Still-life and genre imagery
Northern artists' travels to Italy
The revival of ancient art and subject matter
